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houston station on space to ground

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3d printing in zero gravity

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welcome to space to ground i'm gary

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jordan it can be quite a hassle to ship

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tools to space and could take months or

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even years of planning and execution so

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why not just make the tools in orbit

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jeff williams used a 3d printer on the

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international space station this week

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and popped out a few samples called

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coupons these coupons help demonstrate

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the composition of the print material

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when used in space researchers print a

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duplicate copy of the coupon on the

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ground to compare dimensions layer

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thickness adhesion strength and

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flexibility to the ones in space

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having 3d printing in space provides

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on-site and on-demand manufacturing

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capabilities and reduces the need for

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shipping spares on cargo vehicles saving

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a lot on time and cost

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williams continued work on

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three-dimensional objects on the station

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this week with satellites called spheres

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these bowling ball-sized robots fly

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within the cabin of the space station

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and contain their own power propulsion

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computers and navigation equipment

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they test out space flight maneuvers and

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tasks on a small scale inside the space

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station researchers upload algorithms

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and programs for the astronauts to

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execute on the spheres and run

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autonomously to see how the satellites

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behave in the microgravity environment

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sphere simulates space operations like

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automatic rendezvous and docking of

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space vehicles formation flight patterns

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and remote operations and can be adapted

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with more equipment to conduct

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experiments like studying the behavior

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of liquids or creating 3d models of

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objects to interact with

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this week's question comes from jim who

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wants to know the speed of a spacecraft

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entering the earth's atmosphere and the

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temperature inside

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for this question let's use the recent

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re-entry of the expedition 47 crew as an

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example

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tim copra tim peake and yuri malenchenko

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recently returned to earth from the

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international space station on the soyuz

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spacecraft upon descent the soyuz starts

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slowing down from 17 500 miles per hour

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with a de-orbit burn to enter the

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earth's atmosphere once the descent

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module reaches entry interface or the

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edge of the atmosphere friction from the

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thick atmosphere heats the outer

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surfaces of the vehicle and slows the

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vehicle for eight minutes all the way

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down to about 515 miles per hour then

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the parachutes and the landing engines

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do the rest while the heat on the

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outside can get up to 3000 degrees

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fahrenheit the temperature on the inside

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is maintained between 78 and 80 degrees

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through the cooling systems hooked up to

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the socal launch and entry suits that

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the crew wears during descent

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keep sending us your questions and